Hypothyroidism Killer: What to Eat for Hypothyroidism?

Hypothyroidism is the most common endocrine disorder that affects the general health of the body badly. A deficiency of this hormone slows down metabolic processes within the body and causes problems like extreme fatigue, uncontrollable gain of weight, depression, dry skin, hair loss, and decreased mental concentration. These symptoms can immensely deteriorate any individual’s life quality and also result in numerous other complications, mainly if the condition is left untreated. Early detection coupled with the management of the condition can go a long way in relieving the life of a patient. One of the major ways through which the condition of hypothyroidism can be managed is dietary regulation. Besides, proper nutrition covers not only the needs of the body for the production of thyroid hormones but also can actively mitigate symptoms by regulating inflammation and improving metabolic processes. This article, focused on nutrition and its contribution to overcoming hypothyroidism, provides an analysis of useful and harmful foods for this disease in order to offer simple solutions at hand with the restoration of general health.

Thyroid and Nutrition: Why Choosing the Right Food Is So Important

The thyroid is a hormone-producing gland responsible for the major role in the control of the body metabolic process. This little gland at the front portion of the neck maintains, through mainly secreting two kinds of hormones, namely, T3, or triiodothyronine and T4 or thyroxine, body’s temperature, energy level, working cycle of the brain, skin, and hair texture, and their health. In these cases, mentioned above, the major process gets hugely affected when thyroid becomes underactive.

Smart nutrition can affect thyroid function and hasten symptom improvement. Good nutrition can control hypothyroidism in two major ways:

  • Providing the necessary nutrition

Synthesis of thyroid hormone requires some raw materials in the body, such as iodine, selenium, and zinc. Their intake through nutrition will contribute to better production.

2- Reducing the injurious factors

Some foods or ways of eating can spur inflammation or depress thyroid hormone output. Knowing what those are, and avoiding them when possible, can ease the pressure on the thyroid.

Thyroid Table Heroes: The Most Powerful Foods for Hypothyroidism

A good diet can be a very strong thyroid-supporting tool. Foods which may support your thyroid function include:

  • Iodine: The tiny knight in shining armor

Iodine is the chemical element that primarily helps in the production of thyroid hormones. Its deficiency might bring down the amount produced and would gradually cause hypothyroidism. The rich food sources for iodine intake include iodized salt, sea fish, shrimp, and seaweed. But similarly too much intake of this nutrient may irritate the thyroid and thus its consumption should be in a balanced way

  • Selenium: a protector of thyroid cells

It renders the thyroid cells resistant to oxidative stress; besides that, selenium takes part in converting the hormone T4 into its active form T3. The intake of selenium is higher due to such foods as Brazilian nuts, eggs, fatty fish, and whole grains. They help the body optimize the functioning of the thyroid.

  • Zinc and Assisting Body Metabolism

Another very important mineral is zinc, which takes part in the synthesis of thyroid hormones and influences the metabolic activity of your organism in general. Examples include red meat, beans, seeds, and nuts.

  • Healthy Thyroid & Vitamin D

Vitamin D is one of the most active regulators of immune system activity and a maintainer of good thyroid health. Insufficient intake of the vitamin increases the chances of developing disorders in the thyroid gland. The sources of vitamin D include fatty fish, such as salmon and tuna, fortified mushrooms, and dairy products.

Know Your Thyroid Enemies: Foods to Avoid?

Some foods may depress thyroid or affect thyroid functioning adversely. To be aware of such substances and their avoidance will pay better dividends in the management of hypothyroidism.

  • Goitrogenic foods

Soybeans, cabbage, cauliflower, turnips, and broccoli are some of the goitrogenic foods. These substances interfere with thyroid hormone synthesis when consumed in large quantities. Cooking these vegetables can breakdown their goiterogenic properties and make them safe to ingest in moderation.

  • Gluten and thyroid inflammation

Gluten consumption will only increase inflammation, especially since hashimoto’s, the most common cause for hypothyroidism, may present increased gluten intolerance. A gluten-free diet hence will result in reduced symptoms.

  • Sugar and junk foods

Intake of excess sugar and junk foods leads to a rise in weight, slowing metabolism, and increased symptoms of hypothyroidism. Instead of these, intake of fresh and natural foods should be done.

Proper Diet for Hypothyroidism: Sample Meal Plan

Thyroid can be well taken care of by proper and balanced food intake. Sample meal plan would look like:

  • Breakfast: Boiled egg, whole grain bread, Glass low-fat milk and fruits of your choice.
  • Snack time in morning: Brazilian nuts and a fruit like an apple or an orange.
  • Lunch: Grilled salmon steamed vegetables small bowl brown rice Green salad.
  • Evening Snack: Low fat yogurt mixed with chia seeds and some honey.
  • Dinner: Grilled chicken, green salad with olive oil and lemon juice, and a small boiled potato.

Do supplements become imperative? All About Taking Supplements For The Thyroid

Sometimes, the diet itself is not enough for the body to achieve what it desires. In these states, some supplementation helps the body gain what it requires. These include:

  • Iodine Supplements

The amount of iodine supplement is said to be advised by the doctor only. Since too much consumption results in thyroid disorders due to iodine too.

  • Selenium

Selenium supplements may become helpful in cutting down inflammation or improving thyroid problems.

  • Vitamin D

Vitamin D supplements serve very useful, especially for patients with deficiency symptoms, but here also one is advised to undertake the supplement presented by a doctor.

Above all, nutritional supplements are only supplements and can never replace nutrition; unreflective consumption may also be dangerous in general.

Final Thoughts

Hypothyroidism does not stop you! Proper nutrition and abstinence from its harmful types allow you to play a very important role in the treatment of symptoms and fortify thyroid performances. A good diet will offer symptom management, while this healthy nutrition regimen will help improve energy, vitality, and quality of life. Remember, tiny changes at the table bring huge results. Start today on your path to a healthier, happier life!

Resources

Nutrition and thyroid disease

The Role of Nutrition on Thyroid Function

Thyroid, Diet, and Alternative Approaches

 

 

Seasonal Pollen and Heavy Breathing: What to Do?

As spring or autumn approaches, millions of people throughout the world come under unending volleys of sneezes, running noses, and incessant coughs in the form of seasonal allergic attacks. It interferes with day-to-day work activities and even turns the serenest night into a sleepless and tiring day. The origin of all irritating coughs caused by allergy normally emanates from irritation to the respiratory system usually because of allergens, which might emanate from pollen, dust, or even temperature change. But why would people react against these triggers? How are the irritating coughs managed? This article looks into a scientific explanation of the cause of the problem; varied strategies on how to attend to the same will be introduced.

Knowing the Cause of Seasonal Allergy Coughs

Seasonal allergy coughs are one of the frequent symptoms of allergy, which develops as a result of the interaction between your immune system and anything that enters the human body from the environment. Generally, it involves:

  1. The Immune System’s Role in Allergies

Human immunity is supposed to provide natural resistance to the body against such viral and bacterial pathogens. However, in allergic patients, the immune system mistakes usually some or other harmless environmental factor-for example, pollen, mold, and dust-for threats.

  • The mistaken reaction stirs up histamine and other inflammatory chemicals inside the body.
  • Histamine irritates the respiratory mucosa, thus causing coughing.
  1. Respiratory Inflammation

Seasonal allergy inflames the inner lining of the respiratory tract. Thus, this leads to:

  • Development of increased mucus production in the airways, stimulating throat congestion and the urge to cough.
  • This irritation to the sensory nerves directly in the respiratory system can subsequently stimulate a cough reflex.
  1. Environmental Triggers

Of all the factors that can cause allergic cough, the following take pride of place: it is pollen in spring and summer, and dust in autumn and winter.

  • It is possible that allergic cough is linked to air pollution, particulate matter, and chemicals.
  • Dry or cold air irritates the Airways and worsens the cough.
  1. Difference from Viral Cough

An allergic cough is different from a common cold or flu because the manifestations of the two conditions vary. For example, generally, an allergy presents symptoms of an itchy throat and clear runny nose with red eyes. Manifestations of fever, tiredness, and presence of yellow or green mucous reflect the features of viral infection.

  1. Genetic Predisposition and Individual Sensitivity
  • People coming from families whose histories trace the existence of allergies are at predisposed chances of acquiring allergies themselves.
  • Allergies giving rise to coughs easily fall prey to asthma and atopic dermatitis patients.
  1. Time of Year and Severity of Symptoms

The tendency of cough due to seasonal allergies worsens at a time when:

  • Spring: Plants start their pollination.
  • Summer: Grass and mold grow better.
  • Fall: It’s a time when trees re-pollinate and molds grow more.
  • Winter: There is more dust indoors.

 Diagnosing Allergic Coughs

Accurate diagnosis of cough originating from seasonal allergy is necessary to get appropriate treatment and also to avoid the aggravation of symptoms. Following are some of the general modes of diagnosing this form of cough:

  1. Clinical Examinations

History of present complaints followed by the history of the disease. The physician first asks symptomatology questions about the cough whether cough is associated with itching throat, running nose, or sneezing alongside. Are the coughs prevalent more in part of the day, or they appear only at some particular time of the season?

  • Allergies

Whether any history in patient or his family regarding the allergy and history regarding asthmatic attacks or atopic dermatitis.

  • Physical examination

Throat, nose, and lungs are examined for any inflammation or congestion in them.

  1. Confirmatory Diagnosis

Specialized confirmation tests include:

  • Skin prick test

Very small amounts of allergens are put on the skin and then scratched lightly. The allergic reactions become indicative by the redness or swelling, indicating sensitivity to that particular allergen.

  • Type-specific IgE blood test

This is a test to measure one type of immunoglobulin E. It raises during allergic reactions; therefore, specific IgE tests can indicate which particular allergens the patient is sensitive to.

  • Nasal provocation test

The introduction of the allergen directly to the nose occurs, and one measures the reaction of the respiratory system.

  1. Other Causes to Be Ruled Out

The physician must rule out the following causes :

  • Fever, generalized weakness, along with the presence of thick mucus indicate infection, be it viral or bacterial.
  • Wheezing and shortness of breath may be due to asthma.
  • The acid reflux cough is worse when the patient is in a recumbent position or immediately following a meal.

 Treatment Approaches

Symptomatic treatment, avoiding factors that aggravate the condition, and chronic therapies can be tried in managing seasonal allergy coughs.

  1. Medications
  • Antihistamines

Antihistamines are medications that antagonize the action of histamine and, hence, reduce symptoms like cough, itching, running nose. Examples include cetirizine, loratadine, and fexofenadine. They act fast and the side effects are minimal though some have a tendency to sleepiness.

  • Corticosteroids

Corticosteroids are drugs that reduce inflammation in the airways. Examples include inhalers for inflammation of the nasal passages and throat, though in more serious conditions, oral medication can be prescribed. They do allow symptom relief for long periods but weaken the body’s immune system if taken over a long time.

  • Decongestants

These relieve the nasal congestion and soothe the irritation in the throat. Examples are pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine. Prolonged use causes swelling of the nasal passages.

  1. Natural and Herbal Remedies
  • Ginger is anti-inflammatory and cools the throat.
  • Peppermint decreases mucus, easing breathing.
  • Steam inhalation may thin mucus and soothe the throat.
  • A spoonful of honey reduces inflammation in the throat, soothing cough.
  1. Immunotherapy
  • Allergy shots

Small shots of allergens can be given to decrease the sensitivity of the body.

  • Sublingual tablets

In some allergies such as pollen.

  1. Other Treatments
  • Nasal sprays

Saline sprays are recommended to be used for nasal irrigation and decrease the irritation.

  1. Psychological Management

Long-term and chronic allergies can be aggravated by stress. Yoga, other techniques to decrease the levels of stress.

Lifestyle Changes and Prevention

Lifestyle changes and prevention go a long way in the control and reduction of cough resulting from seasonal allergies. These not only prevent symptoms but also reduce the severity when symptoms do present.

  1. Avoidance of Triggers
  • Pollen

Avoid going out during those hours, especially in the morning, when the concentration of plant pollen is higher. Do not use any air fresheners indoors; carry a change of clothes and take a shower after being out.

  • Dust and mold

wash covers and curtains in hot water; take away carpets and rugs, as in them irritating dust particles usually deposit. The ventilation systems should be cleaned up and air conditioners, where mold may reproduce.

  • Pets

avoid if its fur causes allergy, else wash regularly, and don’t let them in the bedrooms

  1. Improvement in Indoor Air Quality
  • Air cleaners

HEPA filters clear the pollen, dust and all other particles in the air.

  • Humidity

The humidity indoors is to be maintained between 30 – 50 % High humidity grows mold while Low humidity irritates the Airways

  1. Healthy Diet
  • Anti-inflammatory nutrition

citrus fruits, berries, leafy greens-so all these vegetables and fruits can provide antioxidants. Besides all of the food ingredients mentioned above, turmeric and ginger have anti-inflammatory properties, so it should be widely used in cookery.

  • Strengthening immunity

with a high level of recommendation, there is taking of products with plenty of vitamin C and zinc. Probiotics administration as a nutritional agent-for maintenance purposes in general health.

Final Thoughts

Thus, seasonal allergy coughs are more of a common problem rather than an insoluble issue in public health. It is a condition that is a very complex interplay between the human body and the environment that it exists within. That sometimes is an overacting immune system against harmless substances, but then comes the beauty: a controllable situation through exploiting medical advancement in reducing symptom severity and improving the quality of life with proper pinpointed changes in lifestyle. Modern science teaches us that even though the seasonal allergy itself is not at all curable, the impacts can be reduced to a minimum with awareness and proper action. It is herein that knowledge, preventive tools, and personal efforts come into play: it strangles life with allergies, hence manageable.

References

Seasonal allergies: Nip them in the bud

Pollen respiratory allergy: Is it really seasonal?

Allergy cough: Triggers, home treatment, and when to see a doctor

Home Remedies for Low Heart Rate

Bradycardia, or low heart rate, might sound ominous on the first go but it isn’t always indicative of some serious problem. Bradycardia is a condition wherein a person’s heartbeat is less than 60 beats per minute. A lot of people suffer from low heart rate due to various reasons, which may include lifestyle, regular exercise, or even sleep. Though some forms of bradycardia require treatment in the hospital, it is possible to relieve mild and moderate symptoms with the help of certain home remedies, along with the modification in certain aspects of one’s lifestyle. Now in this article, I am going to explain how you can regulate your heartbeat at home and keep it healthy using natural methods, proper nutrition, changes in lifestyle, and exercising.

What is the cause of bradycardia?

There are a number of causes that give rise to bradycardia. Some of the causes are discussed in the section below:

1- Natural/ physiological causes

Some people have a naturally low heartbeat, and this condition depicts the absence of any disease or disorder. For instance, in athletic persons, it is generally seen that their heartbeat is low because of immense physical training that enhances their heart performance. As a result of increased heart-pumping power, the efficiency of the circulatory system increases. In these conditions, bradycardia is a sign of healthiness of heart and has no need for treatment.

2- Heart Disorders

Among the leading causes of bradycardia, one is the problems with the heart system. Damage to the conduction system of the heart, one such problem includes the blocking of the electrical pathways and defects of the heart muscle. Such disorders include coronary artery disease, heart block and sick sinus syndrome.

3- Electrolyte problems

Any disturbance in the electrolytes of the body will inversely affect the functioning of the heart and might lead to bradycardia. Such as a decrease in potassium and magnesium, which is highly responsible for regulating heartbeat.

  1. Drugs

Some drugs can be one of the causes of bradycardia, mainly drugs that are used for treating heart disease, high blood pressure, or psychiatric problems. Such as beta-blockers, digitalis, digoxin, and tricyclic antidepressants.

  1. Endocrine disorders

Abnormal functioning of some glands in the body, especially the thyroid gland, may affect the heart rate.

  1. Infections and inflammatory diseases

Some infection or inflammatory diseases, such as endocarditis and myocarditis, may destroy the heart together with its electrical conducting system.

  1. Aging

Aging has the potential for deteriorating electrical conduction of the heart. Therefore, in old age a person may encounter with problematic sinus node that, along with other parts, conducts impulses slowly through their electrical system leading to slowed heartbeat, therefore. Its thought to be part of usual aging of heart.

8- Heart attack

A heart attack may also damage the cardiac muscle of the heart and its electrical conducting system. Where the damage is bad, electrical signals will not pass properly through the heart and causes bradycardia.

9- Hypotension

This is when the blood pressure becomes too low, then the body could not provide an adequate amount of blood to the organs, muscles, and even to the heart. This eventually reduces the workload for the heart, that eventually results in a slow heartbeat.

Symptoms of bradycardia

Bradycardia does not present symptoms always. As a matter of fact, for some individuals, the condition will not manifest symptoms at all. But in case the heart rate goes slow enough and blood supply starts to reduce to body organs, a person can note the following symptomatology :

  • Irregular heartbeat
  • Shortness of breath
  • Chest pain or discomfort
  • Dizziness or lightheadedness
  • Extreme tiredness or weakness
  • Fainting (syncope) or near-fainting
  • Decreased tolerance for physical activity
  • Difficulty concentrating or having trouble with memory

Sometimes, bradycardia doesn’t have symptoms and is detectable only during a medical test.

Home remedies for low heart rate

The home remedies for bradycardia are the change in style of life, modification of diet, and application of some natural and relaxing techniques that will contribute to the betterment of the health of the heart and avoiding further aggravation of bradycardia. However, it is crucial that any home remedy should be on the recommendation of a doctor because some forms of bradycardia need to be treated medically with the help of medication. Now I will discuss in detail the home remedies for bradycardia:

1- Dietary change

A healthy and proper diet can reduce the chances of bradycardia or strengthen heart function. The foods which help for a healthy heart are as follows:

  • Food containing potassium and magnesium

These two are the major minerals responsible for the electrical balance of the heart; hence, they are considered very important in maintaining the rhythm of the heart. The good sources for these minerals include bananas, potatoes, spinach, avocados, beans, almonds, spinach, nuts, and fatty fish like salmon.

  • Omega-3 food

Omega 3 fatty acids are helpful in heart function improvement. It also decreases the conditions of inflammation. Mainly, it contains oily fishes, such as salmon, tuna, and sardines. The supplements are available for it, too.

  • A decrease in the intake of salt and saturated fat

Excessive use of salt develops high blood pressure that is the predisposing factor for bradycardia or heart disorders. Reduction of saturated and trans fat can keep heart healthy

  • Fiber content based food

The food containing fiber content, fruits, vegetables, whole grains improves heart condition and maintains reduction rate of heart diseases

2- Mild Exercises and Physical Activity

The practice of exercises and routine physical activity reinforces the functioning of the heart along with its pulse. Weighty exercises must be avoided by the patients suffering from bradycardia, and one should focus on gentle exercises. Following are some of the exercises one must follow:

  • Walking

It is soft daily exercise that may increase the rate of blood flow and results in strengthening the heart.

  • Yoga and meditation

These are the forms of exercises that quiet the nervous system and lower stress, both factors decreasing heart rate;

  • Breathing exercises

A good deep breathe or mild aerobics-like swimming is a contributor to strengthening heart function.

3-Managing Stress-Mental Relaxations

The action of the stress is to either increase or decrease the heart rate. Thus, learning to cope with stress and keeping the mind cool may also help in managing bradycardia.

  • Meditation

One of the best methods by which the mind can be soothed and the stress can be reduced is meditation. It will help your nervous system and heart rate regulate through daily meditation.

  • Deep breathing techniques

Deep, slow breathing minimizes parasympathetic nervous system arousal, allowing the heart rate to return to normal.

  • Yoga and tai chi

These exercises help in coupling physical movement with mental focus and deep breathing. Both of them are quite effective in improving heart health and reducing symptoms of bradycardia.

4- Dietary supplements

The supplements that support better functioning of the heart and put their rates in order include : Always Consult a physician prior to the addition of the supplement.

  • Magnesium

It is quite useful during regulation of heart rate as it lowers the risk of bradycardia; magnesium helps the muscles function appropriately, which include the heart muscles.

  • Coenzyme (Q10)

Antioxidant useful to improve the functioning of hearts and energized cells; studies suggested for a few centuries that the functioning of Co-Q10 for improvements in cardiac health-related to many other heart issues is vital to undertake.

  • Omega-3

It promotes or helps maintain your heart condition plus reduces or manages one’s self inflammation by consuming this supplement of such nutrients.

  • Potassium

If a deficiency of this essential electrolyte is present then supplements recommended by the doctor may be helpful. This mineral is used by the electrical impulses that control the heartbeat.

5- Heart-friendly drinks

Yes, there are a few heart-friendly drinks, and consuming them will help have control over regular heartbeats and considered good for a heart patient, as :

  • Green tea

Green tea has loads of uses that help with your heart’s health, and also with the regulation of your heartbeat. It also possesses immense antioxidant action, which proves of great utility.

  • Coconut water

It is an enormous source of potassium and electrolytes. The intake of it assists your body to regulate the quantity between electrolytes and heart rhythm.

  • Beetroot juice

Many other studies also reported that beet juice lowers blood pressure as well as maintains heart muscles.

6- Warnings and precautions

  • Consult a Doctor

When the heartbeat very slow and regularly dizzy or one often chronically fatigued. He/She must be seen immediately, bradycardia could even require medication treatment and might require even a pacemaker.

  • Alcohol and caffeine intake

These are known to affect the heart rate. At times, excess consumption of one or both leads to bradycardia or increased heart rate variability.

  • BP and electrolytes

The blood pressure should be monitored along with the occasional testing of the electrolytes as that would prevent the onset of any heart-related disease.

Final Thoughts

The home treatment for slow heartbeat is, in most conditions based on the cause and seriousness of the bradycardia. Generally, a good diet, light physical exercises, and decreasing stress are all advisable to heal one’s heart. The thing is, one should never forget that in some conditions, bradycardia may denote a more serious problem requiring immediate treatment and specialized medical care-which is to say nothing of installing a pacemaker. Anyway, in these situations, it is highly required to consult a doctor and monitor continuously a patient’s condition not to develop dangerous complications.

References

Bradycardia

Evaluating and managing bradycardia

Bradycardia: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

10 Days to Boost Fertility

How to Effectively Improve Sperm Quality Sperm quality and health is the most important factor in male fertility. It not only directly impacts fertility but also affects the health of the baby. During recent decades, with changes in lifestyle, reduced physical activity, increased stress, and poor nutrition, many men faced problems relating to sperm quality. However, studies have proved that positive changes in diet, physical activity, and the way stress is managed bring significant improvements in sperm quality. In the following article, I’ll share with you scientific and practical ways to strengthen sperm within 10 days so that you can see results as soon as possible in enhancing sperm quality.

Factors affecting sperm quality

  1. Proper nutrition

The nutritional factor is probably one of the most influential on sperm quality. Nutritional intake is thus related to direct biological processes-the development and the quality of the sperm. Therein, crucial among nutrients to protect and vitalize the sperm are

 

  • Vitamin C

It is one among the most powerful antioxidants that reduce the damage imparted by oxidative stress in the body. Oxidative stress can wreak havoc on sperm and deteriorate its quality. Daily intake of vitamin C has been shown to increase sperm count and motility.

  • Vitamin D

Vitamin D facilitates the secretion of testosterone, and testosterone is overall responsible for producing or developing sperms within the testicles. Vitamin D deficiencies implicate an insignificant or inferior count of sperm or poor quality in general. Hence, it is also recommended to obtain adequate vitamin D through nutrition-such as consuming fatty fish-particularly in case of lack of sunlight.

  • Zinc

It’s a mineral responsible for huge contributions to the development of healthy sperm. It has been found through research that those men who face zinc deficiencies usually record a decline in the quality of their sperm. Red meat, legumes, and seeds are food that contains zinc which will help in improving sperm quality.

  • Selenium

Another antioxidant that is drawing some attention regarding healthy sperm is selenium. Poor intake of selenium can lead to poor count and quality of sperm. It can be found in fish, Brazil nuts and whole grains.

  • Healthy foods

Diets abundant in foods high in antioxidants include fresh fruits, especially berries, citrus fruits, and leafy green vegetables; these help reduce oxidative damage and improve sperm quality. Foods containing healthy fats include avocados, olive oil, and fatty fish; these will raise sperm health with their omega-3 fatty acids.

  1. Exercise and physical activity

It will have a direct positive effect on sperm quality by exercising. It may improve nutrition and oxygenation to sperm-producing cells by increasing the blood flow through the testes. Different types of physical activities help in maintaining a proper sperm count.

  • Aerobic exercise

Running, brisk walking, and swimming increase the blood supply to the reproductive organs. Increased blood flow to testicles enhances the nutrition of the sperm and reduces oxidative damage in this area.

  • Resistance training

On the other hand, strength training such as weight training secretes testosterone hormones, which help in sperm production. However, too much exercise would yield an opposite effect where poor sperm quality would be experienced. For that, balance in training exercise is highly important.

  1. Avoidance of harming factors

Many external factors could negatively influence the quality of the sperm. Knowledge about the factors can ensure avoiding them thus making the sperms stronger.

  • Consumption of alcohol and tobacco

Alcohol and tobacco use extremely lower the quality of sperms. Alcohol consumption may lower sperm count and motility. Tobacco, on extreme level, reduces the quality of sperm due to oxidative stress or due to damage to sperm DNA. Reduction or cutting down on intake of alcohol and tobacco may positively affect the quality of sperm in the short term.

  • Stress

Chronic stress lowers the level of testosterone, hence decreasing the amount of sperm produced. Managing stress, such as by meditation and deep breathing, will help in empowering the sperms.

  • Overweight/Obesity

Overweight and obesity can make sperm quality worse because of hormonal changes and oxidative stress. The quality of sperm improves with a reduction in weight and maintaining a lean body through healthy nutrition and regular physical activity.

Practical tips to enhance sperm within 10 days

  1. Diet plan

A dietary plan needs to be chalked out within a span that would enhance the quality of sperms within 10 days by incorporating all vitamins and nutrients required for building up and strengthening of the sperm. Improvement in sperm count, quality and motility through diet is guaranteed. The daily diet recommendation prescribed involves:

  • Breakfast

Scrambled Eggs with whole meal bread, Avocado, and a glass of fresh orange Juice – to procure Vitamin C.

  • Snack

A handful of nuts and seeds, for instance, almonds or walnuts contain omega-3 fatty acids and selenium.

  • Lunch

Fatty fish, such as salmon and tuna, coupled with a salad of fresh vegetables drizzled with olive oil, will contribute to vitamin D and antioxidants in the diet.

  • Afternoon Snack

Greek yogurt with berries, topped with dried nuts to consume protein and antioxidants.

  • Dinner

Poultry like chicken or turkey with brown rice and cooked vegetables. This gives good food providing protein and B vitamins.

Nutritional supplements can also increase your sperm significantly. Nutritional supplements rich in minerals such as zinc, L-arginine, selenium, and vitamin E make sperm productive and mobile. A physician has to be consulted to give nutritional supplements.

  1. Work-out routine

It also means that regular physical activity is one of the keys toward better health in general, and thus toward sperm health. During these 10 days, the exercises should be directed at improving blood flow and stimulating those hormones which are responsible for sexual health. The following regime is advisable:

  • Days 1 to 5

Aerobic workouts, such as jogging, cycling, or brisk walking, should be for 30 minutes; it increases the amount of oxygen reaching the cells and improves blood flow in the body.

  • Days 6 to 10

Aerobic exercise along with light strength training-such as light weight training or bodyweight exercises-which will raise levels of testosterone and improve sexual ability

  • Stretching and relaxation exercises

Stretching at the end of each session helps reduce stress and increases flexibility, which are important factors in sexual health.

  1. Reduce and manage stress

Chronic stress significantly degrades sperm quality. It raises cortisol, the body’s stress hormone, which may decrease testosterone and, consequently, sperm production. This makes reduction and management of stress among the most imperative activities in these 10 days. Stress-reduction strategies are identified below.

 

  • Meditation and deep breathing

10-15 minutes of meditation or deep breathing exercises daily will help reduce the levels of stress. The techniques help your body reduce cortisol levels and improve testosterone production.

  • Mind-body techniques

Techniques such as mindfulness exercises that help improve the coordination between the mind and the body and reduce the levels of mental stress

  1. Techniques to improve sleep quality

Good quality and enough sleep also helps in hormone production including those that relate to the health of the whole body. Poor sleeping decreases the level of testosterone, which consequently decreases both quality and quantity of sperms. Techniques that enhance sleep includes:

  • Sleep Scheduling

Acclimatize your body to sleep and wake up at the same time each day. This sets a cycle in the biological system of your body.

  • Retire to bed with lower frequency of reverting to gadgets

The blue light emitted by these gadgets interferes with the secretion of melatonin, which is the hormone of sleep. Such gadgets must be avoided one hour before retiring to bed.

  • Bedroom should be quiet

The bedroom should be made dark, cool, and quiet. All these factors help in improving the quality of sleep.

Final Thoughts

Strengthening sperm and improvement in its quality is very much important, not only for fertility but also for general health of men. This process is directly related with the life style and everyday choice. The following article shows that simple and effective changes in nutrition, physical activity, stress management, and quality of sleep ensure tangible results in the strengthening of sperm in a very short period of just 10 days. Measures suggested would influence not only the quantity and quality of the sperm but also have positive impacts on general bodily health. The secret is to look at them as part of the healthy lifestyle one should consider and stay with. By engaging in these salutary changes, and really sticking with them, not only will the fertility in men improve, it can actually augment his health generally.

References

Diet and men’s fertility: does diet affect sperm quality?

Diet and sperm quality: Nutrients, foods and dietary patterns

The Effect of Nutrients and Dietary Supplements on Sperm Quality Parameters

Is There Such a Thing as a Definite Cure to Mental and Neurological Diseases?

Disease that can affect the life of a person and hinder them from functioning normally in society and in everyday life have been for years been tackled by specialists in the field of psychology and psychiatry and looking for some way to finally treat such diseases. But one question always comes to the mind of many: is this really curing disorders, or can we deal with only their symptoms? In this article, I will first take a look at the kinds of mental and neurological diseases, then address some challenges that go along with their definite treatments.

Types of Mental and Neurological Diseases

1- Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety disorders are a category of mental disorders in which feelings of anxiety predominate. These disorders include generalized anxiety, social anxiety, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Symptoms of this disorder include the constancy of worry, irrational fears, attacks of panic, and compulsive behaviors such as frequent washing of the hands. The treatment for anxious disorders, on the other hand, is through both medication and psychotherapy, though an accurate cure seems too hard, since it will depend a lot upon the environmental as well as the genetic factor.

2- Mood disorders

Mood disorders refer to the feelings that disturb an individual beyond his or her normal state with feelings of extremely high mood variations. Major depression and bipolar disorders are some of these conditions. These are long states of depression, or for bipolar disorders states that fluctuate between mania and depression. Pharmacologically, the mood disorders are treated with mood stabilizers and anti-depressants. However this is not the sure treatment due to the involvement of the biological and chemical factors of the brain.

3- Psychotic disorders

These are disorders related to the loss of contact with reality. Types include schizophrenia and delusional disorder. Symptoms of these disorders include delusions, hallucinations, thought disorders, and irrational behaviors. These disorders’ symptoms can be controlled by anti-psychotic medicines but as the mechanism of the brain and its working is so complex, the diseases are yet not curable.

4- Personality disorders

Long-standing and rigid patterns of behavior, cognition, and emotions that do not agree with the expectations of society. Varieties include borderline personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder, and paranoid personality disorder. Symptoms include dangerous behaviors, mood swings, and an inability to form healthy relationships. Treatment of personality disorders is done majorly by long-term psychotherapy, but this is often too difficult because of the profundity of these behavioral patterns.

5- Cognitive disorders

These are disorders characterized by partial loss and deterioration in the cognitive faculties of memory and thinking. The most prevalent forms include dementia and Alzheimer’s diseases. Symptoms identified with these disorders include: memory loss, poor concentration, and decision-making, and dementia. Such disorders are usually treated more symptomatically, and a fact to be noted is that arresting such disease processes is not always possible, and nor is there yet a complete ‘cure’ for them.

Common Methods of Treatment

1- Pharmacological Treatments

Of the major ways to keep symptoms of mental and psychiatric disorders under control is psychiatric medication. The types include:

  • Antidepressants

Examples are the prescription of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors  for depression and anxiety.

  • Antianxiety medications

Include benzodiazepines that are used to reduce anxiety and stress.

  • Antipsychotics

The medications included are antipsychotics; these act to keep symptoms of schizophrenia and also delusional disorders in a controlled state.

  • Mood stabilizers

Lithium can be used in bipolar disorder, to control the mood swings.

Long-term treatment by the above medications shows side effects in many cases; medication adjustment is continuously needed for a lot of patients. Also, mostly medications control the symptoms only and do not lead to any final cure.

2- Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy remains one of the most effective methodologies in the management of most psychiatric disorders. These include:

  • CBT

This is a helpful psychotherapy where the patient identifies negative, unhealthy thoughts and changes them. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is effective for anxiety and depression.

  • Psychodynamic therapy

This looks at the unconscious roots of a person’s behaviors and feelings. It is useful for personality disorders and complex relationships.

  • Interpersonal therapy (IPT)

It emphasizes improving a patient’s social relationships and diminishing interpersonal stress. This method is also used for the treatment of depression.

Psychotherapy requires long sessions. Sometimes it gives variable response. Similarly, various psychiatric illnesses need long treatment, and at times no cure is sure.

3- Electroconvulsive therapy

It is used for patients who have not responded to other modes of treatment, especially in treatment-resistant depression, mania, and a few psychotic disorders. Possible side effects of ECT include temporary loss of memory, and the practice is still somewhat controversial because of its invasive nature. Though effective, this procedure is considered not to provide any definite cure and has generally been used as a complementary therapy.

  1. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

It works through conduction of magnetic fields into the stimulation of specific portions of the brain. It is mainly used in the management of depression and anxiety disorders. This approach is little understood and thus need further research studies.

5- Deep brain stimulation

That’s implanting surgical electrodes in the brain to actuate parts of the brain. It is usually used for devastating psychic disorders like obsessive-compulsive disorders. It is also an invasive process and has prominent side effects. It is not also indicated in all patients.

How about a definite cure?

The term “definitive cure” means that the roots of the disease are pulled out and the person will never suffer from symptoms of the disease again. It is hard with regards to many mental illnesses, for a number of reasons:

  1. Complications of the brain and psyche

The human brain is the most complex of all biological structures, and its functioning depends on many biological, psychological, and environmental factors. For the most part, mental disorders are brought about by disturbances in several parts of the brain and complex interactions between neurons and different systems within the brain that are still not fully understood.

2- Genetic and Environmental influences

In mental diseases, both genes and environmental factors are considered as to the genetic susceptibility of a disease. There is a susceptibility as regard to genetics, but life stresses, traumatic events, socio-economic factors may be leading to exacerbation or causing a disease. As the interaction of all these factors is so complex, hence the treatment is very complicated.

3- Chemical and structural changes in brain

Most mental illnesses are associated with a change in the level of various chemicals like neurotransmitters as well as structural changes in the brain. Sometimes these changes may be permanent or reversible after some time, which makes definitive treatment for these diseases not easily possible.

Manageable treatment instead of definitive cure

The above critical review of evidence has established that instead, the definitive treatment constitutes long-term approaches in their management. Most mental illnesses are generally the chronic disorders that do require long-term management, such as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and anxiety disorders. A clear purpose in the management of their symptoms and preventing recurrence rather than obtaining a definitive and complete cure forms the basis of therapeutic intervention. These approaches mean learning to live with one’s illness and keeping it under control. Following are the methods for management that may be adopted:

1- A healthy life and lifestyle is very important for mental patients

  • Healthy nutrition

It can affect the brain and mental function positively. Food containing omega-3 fatty acids, B vitamins, and minerals improves mental health. A diet which has a balance of all nutritious elements; increases energy and elevates the patient’s state of mind.

  • Regular physical activities

It release your brain’s chemical endorphins, which bring positive feelings, relax your mind, and fight away the stress generated while working out. It can thus reduce symptoms for many anxiety disorders along with depression.

  • Mindfulness

This would include meditation, yoga, and breathing techniques that improve the concentration level, clear the mind to increase mindfulness, leading him to show a better interest in taking care about himself regarding daily chores and also lessening episodes associated with anxiety disorders.

2- The social and familial care incorporated during the treatment procedure

  • Family support

It is important that the role of the family be in supporting such cases with pathology of a mental disorder. It is also the adherence of the patient’s family in the effective treatment that keeps him away from feeling that he is all alone facing his hardship. With this kind of support and encouragement coming from the family, there is more probability of quick recovery on the part of the patient.

  • Social support

The patient may feel that he is not alone when there is social support available, participation in either a support group or finding people who experience the same disease processes. It may raise motivations for treatments. Social interaction, especially of a positive and active nature, has beneficial effects on the patient’s mental and emotional condition.

3- Stress management

These negative effects of stress can be reduced with the help of different techniques for managing stress, which may involve relaxation techniques such as yoga, tai chi, or meditation.

4 – Proper sleep

The other important aspect in the management of mental illness involves proper and good quality sleep. If disorders of poor sleep occur then the symptoms of mental illness deteriorate. Regularisation of sleep timetable along with fine sleep hygiene can improve the condition of a patient.

Final Thoughts

Though most of the mental illnesses are still not considered to have specific cures, advances in sciences and technologies pertaining to the fields of psychiatry and psychology have been able to show that the symptoms of such mental illnesses can be well managed and considerably reduced. The secret lies in regular follow-up with the psychiatrist and psychologist and being able to follow what has been set for treatment. Continuation of treatment is important, along with family and social support, in the successful management of these illnesses. Though there is no definite cure, psychotherapy, medications, and supportive methods allow affected individuals to enjoy a good quality of life.

References

Drugs to Treat Mental Illness

A Guide to Different Types of Therapy

Diseases conditions Mental illness Diagnosis & Treatment

How long can a person with a pacemaker live?

Medical technology helps people in present times to have better quality and quantity of life compared to ever before. One such advancement is the invention of a pacemaker. The pacemaker acts as the silent savior for saving the patients from heart disturbances. These pacemakers, though minute, are an influencing factor that helps return the patients to normal life with their controlled heart rhythm. But the question is, can a pacemaker improve people’s lifespan? What factors can affect the life span of people with these devices? In this article, I go into details about such questions and glimpse into the lives of people living with a pacemaker.

What is a pacemaker?

A pacemaker is a small electronic device used in people whose heartbeat is irregular, be it faster or considerably slower. However, it also acts as a lifesaver in regulating the electrical activity in one’s heart and the regularities at suitable heartbeats. Pacemakers are implanted primarily in a person with severe abnormalities; the patient then suffers from issues that may include but are not limited to bradycardia or cardiac arrhythmias, which is to say, slow heartbeat or irregularity of the pulse.

A pacemaker consists of two major parts:

1- Pulse generator

That part of the device is responsible for producing electrical pulses. These then get transferred to the heart for making it beat in a normal rhythm. The pulse generator contains an internal battery that lasts for 5 to 15 years and must be replaced on time.

2- Electrodes (wires)

These wires are connected from the pulse generator to the heart, and they carry electrical pulses to the heart muscles.

How many types of heart batteries are there?

The heart battery is divided into two main kinds, depending on the needs of the patient:

1- Single-chamber pacemakers

This pacemaker works with only one electrode and is located in one of the heart chambers: either the atrium or the ventricle. This kind is used in the case of patients with heartbeat disturbance in only one of their heart chambers.

2- Dual-chamber pacemakers

The most widespread type is a two-electrode one because it stimulates the two chambers of the heart, namely, the atrium and ventricle. Therefore, this type of pacemaker is recommended to patients with more complicated tachy- and bradycardial arrhythmia that requires atrial and ventricular rhythm guidance simultaneously.

How is a heart battery installed and replaced?

1- Implantation

Positioning of the Pacemaker: As discussed above, it is a minor surgical procedure, usually under local anaesthesia, and is often carried out in a sterile environment. The doctor makes a tiny cut in the chest; then the pacemaker is inserted under the skin or in a muscle along with electrodes that fasten to the heart. Following this installation, patients are necessary for post-surgery care, and patients are bound to visit a physician routine check so that the device would work according to a correct method.

2- Battery replacement

Replacement is also indicated when the life of the pacemaker battery is about to expire. The procedure for this also takes only a few hours, similar to the initial installation. Newer batteries use technologies that last longer, necessitating fewer replacements.

What is the average life expectancy of people with a pacemaker?

One of the questions which one always finds being asked by the patients and their families is what effect installing a pacemaker will have on the life span of the people. Here, I will discuss the various factors affecting the life span of people with a pacemaker.

1- The effect of the patient’s age

Age of the patient is one of the major determining factors of life span of people with a pacemaker. Chances of younger patients to live long are more since the general health of these people is good and hence they have better recovery chances from surgery. In older people, though a pacemaker implantation can highly improve the quality of life, thereby increasing the life span of them, provided heart problems are well controlled.

2- Pre-existing health conditions

One’s general health condition prior to the implantation of a pacemaker is another factor that decides his or her span of life. People suffering from other chronic diseases besides heart problems may suffer more and this could include diabetes, high blood pressure, and respiratory diseases. Even in these cases, a pacemaker can improve quality of life and reduce symptoms of co-morbidities.

3- How to take care of the device

The other significant factor that can affect the life span of the patients is how the patients look after their pacemaker and follow the advice provided by the doctor. It was evident that the patient who regularly visited their doctor, and checked the functioning of their device had fewer problems and better performance of the device. Also, on time battery replacement and necessary repairs are critical factors that shall be considered.

4- The impact of technological advances

Recent development and advancements in medical technology, specifically in pacemakers, have also been a significant factor in the increase in life expectancy for patients. Newer models can last longer and with more functions in monitoring and controlling heart functions that could minimize potential problems and prolong patients’ lives.

5- Scientific studies on patient life span

Lots of research was done regarding the pacemaker’s effect on the life spans of patients. Scientific researches show that a lot of the patients get longer and healthier lives after implanting the pacemaker. Generally, implantation of the pacemaker saves patients from sudden heart attacks or other serious heart problems and thus, they can continue their regular life.

What care does a person who has a pacemaker need, to prolong his life span?

Medical attention is taken for a person with a pacemaker to prolong his life expectancy and improve his quality of life. A person with an artificial pacemaker needs the following:

  1. Regular follow up with a doctor
  • Periodical check-ups

The patients should be taken periodically to the doctor for the checking of the pacemaker. These check-ups help the doctor check the device settings and correct them if necessary.

  • Monitoring of the Battery

This is one of the most important parts of care, which involves checking the condition of the pacemaker battery. The doctor may use special devices to check the condition of this battery and indicate the correct time for its replacement.

2- Timely Replacement of Battery

The battery of the pacemaker lasts for 5-15 years, according to the model and type of device. The replacement of the battery in time will avoid possible problems because of the shutdown of the device.

3- Avoid devices that interfere with the functioning of the pacemaker

Some of the electronic devices, such as used in airport security, older versions of microwaves, and MRI systems, interfere with the working of the pacemaker. The patients are not supposed to go near these devices and in case should consult their doctor.

4- Physical activity, regular exercise

One may resume light to moderate physical exertion after implanting a pacemaker, after seeking the doctor’s advice. Aerobic exercises such as walking and swimming, as well as yoga, are quite suitable for these individuals. It will help in improvising heart health and decreasing complications related to the heart. Regular exercise, on the other hand, should be done.

5- Follow a healthy diet

A diet that includes a balance of foods at a low-fat level minimizes the work the heart does hence improving the heart’s functionality. Patients are normally put on a low salt, saturated fat, and sugar intake diet with recommendations to increase fruit, vegetable, and whole grain intake.

6- Avoid smoking and alcohol

Tobacco and alcohol destroy the heart and lessen the age of the heart battery. Abandoning smoking and alcohol improves health conditions of the heart and extends the length of one’s life.

7- Managing Stress

Long-term stress invites problems related to heart issues. The patients suffering from a heart battery must know how to handle their stresses through meditation, bio-breathing, or yoga in order to maintain stress under control.

8- Maintaining the Medications

Many heart battery patients take medications in order to regulate blood pressure, cholesterol or other issues of the heart. Medications taken must be careful, as dosed and on schedule in order to maintain healthy hearts and extend life expectancy.

Final Thoughts

Eventually, though the implantation of a heart battery may initially cause apprehensions, with sufficient care, periodic visits to doctors, and following medical advice scrupulously, patients can lead a long, healthy, and uninhibited life. Nowadays, thousands of people all over the world enjoy active, energetic lives with the assistance of pacemakers and continue to go about their daily lives. This innovation has, therefore, allowed patients to look forward to the future with much confidence and a sense of security in life.

Sources

Pacemaker longevity

The Actual Lifespan of Pacemakers

Pacemaker Longevity: The World’s Longest‐Lasting VVI Pacemaker

Overweight among Adolescents: A Silent Crisis in the Health of the Next Generation

One may try and place oneself into a teenager’s shoes when at this turning point there stood the very weighty heavyweight of their bodies while it was to enjoy their life. Already at the adolescence level, it is not at all close to an aesthetic problem but serves as a ringing bell for threatening physical and psychic health. The consequences of obesity go far beyond visibility, from heart diseases to low self-esteem and social problems; this is a growing global problem unrelated to lifestyle but as an end result of a complex interplay of genetics, environment, and psychology. But how did obesity become a crisis? To understand this issue, we have to get to the root to understand how this challenge can be curbed.

What are the criteria for obesity in adolescents?

The most widely used diagnostic tool for obesity is the body mass index (BMI). It is calculated by a formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. The cut-points for BMI categories in adolescents take into consideration age and gender since at this stage of life, the body is in a natural state of change. CDC and WHO have come up with standard charts, which have been divided into percentiles. These percentiles reflect the positioning of an individual’s BMI in relationship to a reference population of adolescents of similar age and gender. Classification of adolescent BMI:

  • Underweight: Less than the 5th percentile
  • Normal weight: From the 5th to less than the 85th percentile
  • Overweight: From the 85th to less than the 95th percentile
  • Obese: Equal to or greater than the 95th percentile

It is worth noting that one of the numerous criteria for the assessment of physical condition and growth pattern is BMI; nutrition, level of physical activity, and medical history should also be considered.

Leading causes of obesity among adolescents

It most times involves the playing of an interplay of factors that run contrary to the normal expected pattern of life and growth. Identifying its causes, of course, paves the way for effective ways of preventing it and subsequent interventions. The focus will therefore be placed upon each one of these causes within this section.

  1. Poor nutrition

One of the major components of overweight consideration among adolescents is the food consumption pattern that is not of a good quality. These include:

  • High-calorie, processed foods

Fast foods and sweet and fatty foods are usually tastier and cheaper compared to healthy ones. Teenagers mostly use these instead of home-cooked meals for their accessibility

  • Industrial drinks

The sparkling and energy drinks have a lot of sugar which puts many calories in the body without satiety

  • Emotional eating

Overeating is one of the most put into action reactions to stress, sorrow, and even exhaustion among teens.

  1. Lack of physical activity

Lower level of exercise among teenagers is considered to be one of the major causes for obesity. This cause is associated with the following causes:

  • Sedentary lifestyle

The excessive use of digital devices including smartphones, computers, and television have led to sedentary activities among adolescents.

  • Decreased time for playing

Nowadays, adolescents spend less time in sports or physical activity because of schoolwork, changing facilities, and environments.

  • School contribution

Reduction of sports time within the syllabus and non-availability of appropriate sports facilities at schools have been an added feature to the cause.

  1. Mental aspects

The feelings and states of mind of the teenagers are another factor that plays a significant role in gaining weight. The following states of mind are usually caused by the emergence of the following factors:

  • Tension and anxiety

Pressures pertinent to school, companionship, or expectations from the family would sometime force teens to overindulge or not exercise enough

  • Depression

Changes in appetite and decrease in physical activity is related to mood disorders such as depression.

  • Sleep disorders

Poor and deficient sleep simply plays with hunger hormone regulation-being ghrelin and leptin. It can easily progress into cravings for high-calorie foods.

  1. Genetic and family factors

Genetics and family traditions in adolescent obesity influence the process of weight formation and gaining in an irrefutable and decisive way. The risk of overweight is addressed in large proportion towards children of the obese parents. Here everything is a matter of family eating behavior. It is customary, for example, in such families, to eat a lot of fast foods and fried foods and then it leads to adolescents developing the very same eating behavior contributing to overweight.

  1. Environmental and social influences

The weight and lifestyle of the teenager get highly influenced by the environment and the society that the teenagers get to grow up in. These influences may come from any other influence. In fact, adolescents, as an important part of society, always get influenced by the behavioral and food habits of the family and the people surrounding them, and this may result in the development of healthy or not-so-healthy habits in them. Some of these factors are:

  • Junk foods’ advertisements

Television and social media advertisements have made unhealthy products look so tempting. These tempt adolescents to consume more such foods.

  • Easy availability of junk food

Chain stores and restaurants near schools or residential areas make it hard for adolescents to opt for healthier options.

Behavioural Change Attempt: Strategies for the Prevention and Control of Obesity in Adolescence

Obesity in adolescents is an issue that can be resolved by some effective measures. It is a change of lifestyle, eating pattern, physical activity, and psychological support all together. The prevention and management methods shall be considered judiciously here.

  1. Promote healthy eating

The improvement of adolescents’ eating behavior should be the first step toward prevention and management of obesity:

  • Healthy eating education

Teens and parents should learn the importance of consuming foods from five food groups: proteins, carbohydrates, healthy fats, fruits, and vegetables. Limit foods containing added sugars, processed foods, and sugar-sweetened drinks.

  • Prepare home-made meals

Home-made meals are always healthier and with fewer calories compared to fast food. Parents can engage teens in meal preparation to help them learn how to practice healthy eating.

  • Eat healthy snacks

Substituting chips and candies with nuts, fresh fruits, or low-fat yogurt will help minimize extra calories.

  1. Aerobic exercise

The most significant factor to reduce weight and for a healthy life is being active:

  • Daily exercise

According to research, teenagers should be able to engage in at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity every day. Sports like running, swimming, soccer, and even walking can be used.

  • Family activities

Family activities, like hiking and biking, also can make teens feel more motivated to move.

  • Reduce the time spent on the screen

Reducing the time spent on watching TV, using a smartphone, and computer to a few hours daily allows having more time for active movement.

  1. Ensuring mental health

Among the main causes of overeating and lack of activity in adolescents are psychological aspects:

  • Stress management

Relaxation techniques can help reduce levels of stress, anxiety and overeating-emotional eating can be reduced by meditation or artistic activities.

  • Psycho-social support

Counselling or psycho-therapeutic groups for adolescents suffering from tension, anxiety or depression will avoid undesirable behaviour.

  • Development of self-confidence

Parents and teachers should help adolescents accept their positive capabilities and attributes and be supported for change with no criticism

  1. Parental and social role

The parents can influence adolescents’ eating and physical activities by providing them with correct behavioral and educational models, and they have the ability to influence adolescents’ behavior and habits directly.

  • Healthy role modeling in the family

Parents can be a healthy role model to adolescents through the kind of food they eat and their lifestyle, whether active or not.

  • Education in schools

Schools can surely contribute to the student health by educating them through healthy programs and enough hours of exercise.

  • Social Environment Improvement

Building parks, sports facilities, and providing available healthy foods may provide the chances for good behaviors to be developed in society.

  1. Plan and Persist
  • Realistic Goals

Small and gradual changes, such as cutting one soda every day or adding 15 minutes of walking, are more likely to last longer.

  • Regular Monitoring

Monitoring of weight, eating, and physical activity of your teenager can help you and your family to see what’s working and feel motivated.

  • Motivation and Rewards

Encouraging your teenager to meet small objectives and rewarding them with something like a weekend outing or purchasing sports equipment may help your teenager stay motivated.

Final Thoughts

If you or a teenager you know has a problem with obesity, don’t worry; this is not only a solvable problem but also, with little perseverance and gradual changes, you can get remarkable results. Remember that every small step on the path of change is worthy, and most importantly, you are not alone on this path. Healthy nutrition, regular physical activity, and psychological support are the keys to opening the doors to a healthier and happier life. All it takes is patience, commitment, and believing in your own powers. Jam Specialized Collection, by hosting the best nutritionists, is the safe companion of your loved ones on this path.

Sources

Childhood and Adolescent Obesity: A Review

What causes obesity in children and adolescents?

Obesity in children and adolescents: epidemiology, causes, assessment, and management

Antidepressants and Antianxiety Medications

Introduction to Their Mechanism of Action, Types, and Side Effects Depression and anxiety disorders are some of the most prevalent mental health issues in the modern world and affect millions of people across the globe. These issues can seriously deteriorate the quality of life for a person and, if not treated in time, can lead to more serious problems. Along with various psychotherapy methods, medication is one of the most effective ways to control and reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety. There are several types of medications, each of which works to regulate brain chemistry and improve mood. Understanding these medications, and being aware of their effects and side effects, will help people cope better with their disorders and pursue more effective treatment.

Types of Antidepressants

These drugs usually affect the level of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine-those are considered the most significant neurotransmitters associated with mood. The main types of antidepressants include the following:

  1. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

The most common and widely used antidepressants are called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or SSRIs. Medications in this class of drugs specifically influence the levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin. Serotonin is a neurochemical that helps regulate mood. Because SSRIs prevent the reabsorption of serotonin in the brain, the levels of serotonin in the synapses increase and help improve the symptoms of depression and anxiety. Common names include the following:

  • Sertraline (Zoloft)
  • Sertraline (Asentra)
  • Citalopram (Celexa)
  • Fluoxetine (Prozac)
  • Escitalopram (Lexapro)

Common side effects of SSRIs, though usually mild and temporary, include the following:

  • Nausea and headache
  • Insomnia or drowsiness
  • Dry mouth and dizziness
  • Decreased libido or sexual dysfunction

These medications are often used as the first-line treatment for depression and anxiety because of their high safety profile and very minimal side effects.

  1. Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors

Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) – Besides their influence on serotonin, this class of drugs also acts on norepinephrine. Norepinephrine is a significant neurotransmitter that controls stress and reactions through external stimuli. The increase in this chemical enhances energy, concentration, and diminishes symptoms of depression. Common names include:

  • Duloxetine (Cymbalta)
  • Venlafaxine (Effexor)

SNRIs can present many of the same side effects as SSRIs but might also cause the following:

  • Excessive sweating
  • Anxiety or restlessness
  • Increased blood pressure

These medications are generally reserved for patients who fail to respond to SSRIs.

  1. Tricyclic Antidepressants

Tricyclic antidepressants were one of the first classes of medications developed to treat depression. These drugs dramatically affect both serotonin and norepinephrine, increasing levels of these neurochemicals in the brain. Common names include:

  • Amitriptyline (Elavil)
  • Imipramine (Tofranil)

They are usually prescribed when medications have failed because of side effects more serious. TCAs are associated with the following side effects:

  • Gain in weight
  • High degrees of drowsiness
  • Constipation and drying of the mouth
  • Heart disorders and low blood pressure

Even though it is still used in current times to treat depression and anxiety, their use is in specific cases or in treatment resistance due to their relatively high adverse effects.

  1. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors

MAOIs were one of the first generations of antidepressants. They work by blocking an enzyme called monoamine oxidase, increasing the levels of serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine. They have high diet and medication interaction profiles, thus are not prescribed as commonly, and often reserved for patients who do not respond to other medications. Common Names include:

  • Phenelzine (Nardil)
  • Tranylcypromine (Parnate)

MAOIs require a special diet because of their high interactions with foods and some medications. Consumption of foods containing tyramine in them- aged cheeses such as cheddar and parmesan; fermented and processed meats such as sausage, sausage, salami, and bacon; smoked and pickled fish-smoked fish and herring; fruits that have been preserved like raisins, figs, and dried apricots; fermented sauces such as soy sauce and fish sauce; chocolate, and cocoa may result in a sharp increase in blood pressure and serious complications. Other adverse side effects:

  • Weight gain
  • Sleeplessness or somnolence
  • High blood pressure if taken incorrectly

Though not in wide use today, due to side effects and limitations, MAOIs are very effective in treating treatment-resistant depression.

Types of Antianxiety Medications

These medications can help individuals who suffer from anxiety disorders, panic attacks, or insomnia to feel more relaxed and better cope with everyday anxieties.

  1. Benzodiazepines

The benzodiazepines are among the most effective and rapid-acting anti-anxiety medications known and widely prescribed for acute anxiety and insomnia. The mechanism of action of such medications is based on enhancement of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, thereby dampening CNS activity and generally producing relaxation. Common names include the following:

  • Diazepam (Valium)
  • Alprazolam (Xanax)
  • Lorazepam (Ativan)

The major indications for the use of benzodiazepines are acute, short-term anxiety and when a person has severe insomnia. These medications act very fast and can immediately calm an anxious patient. However, with great efficacy, it is equally important to exercise caution with benzodiazepines due to its risk for dependence and abuse. Common side effects include the following:

  • Respiratory depression in overdose
  • Decreased balance and coordination
  • Physical and psychological dependence
  • Drowsiness and decreased concentration

Because of the risk of dependence, benzodiazepines are generally prescribed for short-term use and discontinuation under physician observation is highly recommended.

  1. Non-benzodiazepine drugs

Among the non-benzodiazepine drugs known to treat anxiety is a drug called buspirone. Because this drug does not carry any risk of dependence, as associated with benzodiazepines, its action does not take effect immediately either. Common names include:

  • Buspirone (BuSpar)

Buspirone works in restoring serotonin levels in the brain and has a progressive sedative effect. While somewhat slower to take effect than the benzodiazepines, buspirone carries fewer risks of dependency over the long term and also offers better anxiety control over a longer period. Unlike the benzodiazepines, buspirone usually presents fewer side effects: Common side effects include the following:

  • Nausea
  • Dizziness
  • Headache

This medication is mainly indicated for the treatment of chronic and persistent anxiety and, unlike benzodiazepines, is not indicated in severe insomnia.

Common Side Effects and Their Management

While generally antidepressants and neuroleptics can have positive impacts on a person’s psyche, taken concurrently, with these effects, is also the possibility of their side effects. These may be variant as according to the type of the drug and the person also, but there are many usual side effects among most of the neuroleptics and antidepressants, the intensity of which can be reduced, along with their impact with some proper management.

  1. Dry mouth

Most antidepressants and neuroleptics have the tendency to cause dry mouth. Some of the complications that may arise from this problem include increased risk of dental caries and oral infections. To manage this condition:

  • Ample water intake
  • Chewing sugar-free gum
  • Mouthwashes for dry mouth
  1. Weight gain

Other common side effects of certain antidepressants and mood stabilizers include weight gain. The weight gain could be a result of the metabolic changes and increased appetite associated with the medication. To address weight gain:

  • Healthy, low-calorie diet
  • More physical activity and regular exercise
  • Consult your doctor to see if adjustment of medication dosage is possible
  1. Sexual disorders

A common side effect of some antidepressants is a decrease in libido or impaired sexual function. This problem may occur due to the effects of the medication on neurotransmitters in the brain. To reduce this side effect:

  • Consult your doctor to change your medication or adjust your dosage
  • Use alternative medications that have fewer effects on sexual function.
  1. Nausea and digestive problems

Neuroleptics and antidepressants can cause nausea and problems in digestion, especially in the first weeks of treatment. These usually diminish when the body gets accustomed to the medication. Strategies to deal with these side effects include:

  • Use antiemetics if needed
  • Take medication with food

Importance of doctor consultation

Neuroleptics and antidepressants, while effective for the control and improvement of mental symptoms, call for very cautious prescription and follow-up. Each subject has to be treated with a particular type and dosage of medication; this need may also change with time.

  1. The role of the doctor in determining the type of medication and dosage that is suitable

Antidepressants and anti-anxiety medications, of course, should be done under the doctor’s supervision. The reason is simple: the sensitivity and complications involved in adjusting the dosage, monitoring the possible body reactions to such medications that are different in each patient; thus, the physician needs to monitor the patient’s condition in several stages of the treatment and change the dosage amount if necessary.

  • Dose adjustment

It typically starts off with small doses and progresses depending on the condition and response of the patient. This reduces the chances of side effects at the beginning of the treatment.

  • Side effect management

The doctor can review common side effects of medications and suggest ways to reduce them. Also, if the patient has severe reactions to a particular medication, the doctor can replace it with another medication.

  1. Drug interactions

Some antidepressants and anti-anxiety medications can interact with other medications and even with food, potentially causing serious side effects. It is, therefore essential that the patient is informed about possible drug interactions and will need to let the doctor know about what medications he is presently taking, which also covers herbal remedies, supplements, and over-the-counter medications.

  1. The need for monitoring and adjusting medication over time

With time, the condition of the patient and the response of his body may change. In this regard, regular follow-ups with the doctor will be required to revise the medication. This may involve the following:

  • adding another medicine to the treatment;
  • increasing or decreasing the dose of medication;
  • replacement of the medicine in cases of side effects.
  1. Important warnings about abrupt discontinuation of medication

One of the most important points in taking neuroleptics and antidepressants is their abrupt discontinuation. Most of these drugs establish physiological dependence, and sudden withdrawal may lead to symptoms including:

  • Flu-like symptoms
  • Dizziness and severe headache
  • Increased anxiety and depression

Among others, this calls for gradual withdrawal of all medicines under a doctor’s supervision to avoid withdrawal symptoms.

  1. How long it takes for medications to work

Unlike most medications, antidepressants and anti-anxiety medications take some time to be effective. They do not act rapidly within the body, and the patient needs to be informed about this to prevent sudden stoppage of the medication.

  • Antidepressants

These drugs take around 2-6 weeks to fully kick in. During this time, the patient may be experiencing initial side effects which gradually subside. The doctor may advise the patient to continue for that time and not pay much attention to the initial effects as positive effects will come with time.

  • Antianxiety medications

In some cases, Benzodiazepines have quite immediate effects and prove highly potent to reduce anxiety suddenly. Due to the danger of its addiction, however, benzodiazepine could not be a medication which was prescribed long. According to the characteristics, meanwhile, antianxiety medicines are those acting slow- namely SSRI medicines -the improvement may appear several weeks after medication.

Final Thoughts

Antidepressants and anxiety medications help upgrade their quality of life or a person with mental illness. This requires knowledge about the type of medication involved and its potential side effects and ongoing follow-up consultation with the doctor. Pharmacological intervention proves most successful when supplemented with psychotherapeutic counseling together with great caution during follow-ups. Patients should be compliant with their medications, yet at the same time not become so non-compliant as to forgo the need for regular physician follow-up, such that they can have a gradual improvement and be kept away from potential drug side effects. Treatment is only successful when it is collaborative between the patient and the doctor.

References

Depression Medication

Anxiety and Depression: Optimizing Treatments

Pharmacotherapy for Depression and Anxiety in the Primary Care Setting

Symptoms of Prostate Among Elderly Men

Prostate problems are one of the most common health concerns for a man’s health, and as years go by-which means the possibility of diseases related to this gland-increase, so most men experience symptoms over the age of 50 that bother their quality of life. Understanding the signs and symptoms of prostate problems and the importance of their timely diagnosis not only helps prevent serious complications but can also prevent dangerous diseases such as prostate cancer. The high prevalence of prostate problems in older men, including benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatitis, and prostate cancer, doubles the need to raise awareness and improve public knowledge in this area.

What is the Prostate?

  • About the Prostate

The prostate is a small, walnut-sized gland located below the bladder and in front of the rectum. It is part of the male reproductive system and acts as the passageway for both urine and semen. The prostate contributes some of the liquid to semen. The fluid from the prostate nourishes and protects the sperm while ensuring motility of sperm through the female reproductive tract and promoting fertility.

  • Problems of the Prostate

The prostate in most men has a tendency to increase in size with age tending to grow. This might be the cause of a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate commonly called benign prostatic hyperplasia. The growth could place a press on the urethra and cause a few problems with the passing of urine such as incompletely emptying the bladder and frequent urination. These may be included in the aging process but once the symptoms appear or worsen, the condition should undergo medical examination.

Common Symptoms of Prostate Problems

There are a variety of symptoms one may experience once prostate problems appear. They usually range from minor to serious symptoms. These are usually categorized into three kinds of symptoms in general. Knowing these types of symptoms will enable them to consider consulting a physician once the symptoms occur.

  1. Urinary Symptoms

Problems with the prostate directly can affect urinary function because of its location in the urethra. The most relevant urinary symptoms are:

  • Difficulty starting to urinate

Feeling like straining to begin to pass urine;

  • Frequent urination, especially at night (Nocturia)

This wakes up a person many times in the middle of the night to void;

  • Poor or zero urine stream

The stream may either be weak or intermittent;

  • The feeling of incomplete bladder emptying

A person feels that his bladder is not fully relieved even after urinating;

  • Dysuria or burning on urination

These may be the signs of infection or inflammation of the prostate.

  1. Systemic and Pain Symptoms

Some kinds of prostate disorders can also be presented by non-urinary symptoms that give a signal to the inflammation or pressure in the pelvic region:

  • Pelvic, low back, or lower abdominal pain

The pain usually is dull or sharp and almost always accentuated by activity;

  • Blood in the urine or semen

A warning symptom requiring serious medical intervention;

  • Feeling of pressure or discomfort in the genital area

This might be a result of the inflammation or enlargement of the prostate.

  1. Serious Warning Signs

Some symptoms require immediate medical intervention as they can be serious or dangerous conditions:

  • Complete inability to urinate

A condition where the urethra has been completely blocked, an absolute emergency.

  • Fever and chills accompanied by urinary symptoms

It may be the signs of a severe infection, such as acute prostatitis.

  • Unexplained weight loss

It can be a symptom of a more serious condition, including prostate cancer.

Methods of Diagnosis of Problems in the Prostate

Prostate-related problems diagnosis may be usually made by a combination of assessment of symptoms, physical examination, and confirmatory tests. These will let your physician detect the type of prostate. The different procedures used in the diagnosis of various diseases in the prostate.

  1. Physical Examination
  • Digital rectal examination

This simple, noninvasive test involves examining the prostate through the rectum. A physician examines the size, shape, and surface of the prostate for any abnormalities. Such an examination may indicate changes in the prostate that can be associated with either benign prostatic hyperplasia or cancer.

  1. Blood Test
  • Prostate-specific antigen test

The prostate secretes a protein commonly referred to as PSA. This increased in cases of inflammation, hyperplasia, or tumor malignancy. Generally speaking, the PSA tends to increase with age but needs an investigation for its sudden increase.

  1. Ultrasound and Imaging
  • Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS)

It makes use of sound waves and constructs very accurate pictures of the prostate. The doctor examines size, shape, and abnormalities.

  • MRI or CT-Scan

In cases of suspected cancer, a high degree of imaging is done to assess the stage of the disease.

  1. Further Investigations
  • Urine Tests

This test will confirm whether an infection or inflammation has taken place in the urinary system.

  • Prostate Biopsy

In the case of suspected prostate cancer, a small portion of the prostate tissue is taken with the help of a needle for microscopic examination.

  • Urodynamics

Test applied to evaluate bladder function and urine flow, when complex problems are being tackled.

Importance of Early Detection

Early diagnosis of prostate problems plays an important role in maintaining older men’s health. Benign prostatic hyperplasia and other conditions, such as prostatitis and even prostate cancer, are better managed or treated if their beginning is detected early, providing a better quality of life and reducing the possibility of developing serious complications. The advantages of early detection include the following:

  1. Avoidance of Serious Complications

Most prostate-related illnesses, if left untreated, progress to develop grave complications such as kidney failure, severe urinary tract infection, or even death due to cancer. Many of these complications are usually avoided when the disease has been detected early.

  1. Better Symptom Management

Most of the prostate issues are associated with annoying symptoms, such as problems with urination or pelvic pain. Early treatment can alleviate these symptoms and improve a person’s quality of life.

  1. Reducing the Need for Invasive Interventions

If the disease is diagnosed at an early stage, simpler treatments, including medication or lifestyle changes, can be effective and avoid complex surgeries.

  1. Greater Success Rates of Treatment

In the case of prostate cancer, early detection of the disease allows for the complete treatment of it and the full recovery of the patient.

Prevention Methods and the Role of Periodic Tests

  1. Regular Tests

A test that is done yearly for men over 50 (or earlier for those with a family history of prostate cancer) may detect cancer or other prostate problems early.

  1. Regular Physical Exams

A digital rectal exam is a component of the screening program for prostate conditions and should be done at regular intervals.

  1. Be Aware of Warning Signs

Men advanced in age needs to be sensitive to any kind of changes in their patterns of urination or pain on the pelvic region and consult a physician if symptoms persist.

Final Thoughts

Fortunately, most the prostate conditions are treatable when detected early, many men who seek timely help can live healthy and productive lives. Follow-up, regular check-ups, and paying attention to symptoms are the keys to avoiding serious complications. Even with all the advances in medicine, screening, and treatments, today’s methods far exceed those of the past. Men need to be aware that taking action promptly will not only avoid developing hazardous diseases but also live an easy and high-quality life when older. So, let this be a reminder that sometimes, awareness, prevention, and timely action can alter the course of your life. Prostate health is an important part of your overall health. Take care of it and consult a doctor immediately if you have any concerns.

Resources

Prostatitis

Prostatitis: A Review

Prostatitis: diagnosis and treatment

 

How Harmful is Having a Low Heart Rate?

Bradycardia Medically termed is a condition in which a human being has a below than normal heart rate. Normally, heart rate in an average healthy adult rests between 60 to 100 beats per minute. If the heart beats less than 60 beats per minute, it’s diagnosed as bradycardia. However, not every low heart rate is problematic; a professional athlete or in general whoever in very good shape usually has a slower heartbeat. In this paper, I am going to research about low heart rate, its possible risks and complications, causes, and factors that affects it, ways of diagnosis and treating bradycardia.

What are the causes of Bradycardia?

1-Physiological; Natural Causes

  • Exercise

The heart, among professional athletes or people who are regularly subjected to aerobic exercises, slowly gains strength and becomes efficient; thus, it causes the resting heart rate to slow down naturally without any problem.

  • Sleep

Parasympathetic nervous system is very active during sleep. The result of this increase in activity includes a natural slowing of the heart rate.

  • Age

With increasing age, the heart intrinsically slows down. This is considered a normal process of aging and might be manifested as bradycardia.

2- Pathological causes

  • Electrical heart disorders

Any abnormality in the electrical system of the heart, such as heart block or a malfunctioned sinus node, can be a cause for a slow-beating heart. These disorders allow the timing signals not to pass properly to the muscular part of the heart.

  • Heart diseases

Heart diseases are another cause of bradycardia, including heart failure, inflammation of the heart muscle, and valve diseases. Each of these diseases is associated with an impact on the pumping function of the heart; therefore, it can slow the heart rate down.

  • Hypothyroidism

The thyroid plays an important role in the regulation of metabolism within the human organism. An underactive thyroid would ultimately lead to a patient having bradycardia or a slow heart rate.

  • Electrolyte imbalance

Electrolytes, which include potassium and calcium, are integral in the functioning of the heart. Any disturbance in the level of any one of these makes the heart beat at a snail’s pace.

  • Infections and inflammatory diseases

In bad cases of infections or diseases of inflammation, including rheumatic fever, there could be damage to the heart in order to decrease the heart rate.

  • Drugs and Medications
  • Sleep apnea

Abnormal breathing, such as sleep apnea, leads to a lot of variation in the heart rates and sometimes causes bradycardia.

Bradycardia Symptoms

It can thus be asymptomatic. Persons who have this condition can at times show no symptoms whatsoever. When the heart rate is decreased to the degree that adequate blood flow no longer reaches the organs of the body, the symptoms, in that case can be as follows:

  • Shortness of breath
  • An irregular heartbeat;
  • Dizziness or lightheadedness;
  • Pain or discomfort in the chest;
  • Extreme weariness or weakness;
  • Concentration or memory issues;
  • Fainting (syncope) or almost fainting;
  • Reduced tolerance for physical activity.

It often seems to be asymptomatic, and hence it is diagnosed by certain medical tests.

What are the Complications of Bradycardia?

Severe bradycardia may lead to some critical complications if it is left untreated on time. The following are included in them:

1- Overall Weakness and Fatigue

A drop in the rate of heartbeat reduces the amount of blood supply to muscles and limbs, and one starts feeling tired and weak.

2- Dizziness and Lightheadedness

Due to the reduced blood supply going to the brain, dizzy, light-headedness or vertigo may be present in people with bradycardia.

  1. Fainting or Syncope

Severe decrease in the supply of blood to the brain may result in loss of consciousness or fainting.

  1. Shortness of Breath

In some cases, this leads to the failure of the body to take up appropriate responses to oxygen needs, hence a feeling of shortness of breath or the need for deep breaths.

  1. Chest Pain

Bradycardia patients often complain of some pain or uneasiness in the chest, especially when undergoing some physical exertion.

  1. Impaired Concentration and Memory

A decrease in the supply of oxygen to the brain may lead to problems in concentration and even short-term memory.

  1. Heart Failure

Severe types of bradycardia can also result in heart failure when the heart is unable to pump out the blood efficiently.

  1. Cardiac Arrest

In very few cases and grave stages, Bradycardia has the potential for causing cardiac arrest and the need for instant resuscitation.

9- Low Blood Pressure

As it does not allow the heart to pump more blood, bradycardia may lower down the blood pressure and hence causes dizziness and further fatigues.

How is Bradycardia Diagnosed?

Bradycardia requires a keen observation by the doctor for diagnosis. Following are usually the diagnostic techniques being practiced for this disease:

1- Medical History

The doctor may start with questions about symptoms, medical history, family history of diseases, and medications. These will be reviewed: history of heart conditions; medications that can slow the heart rate, such as beta blockers or antidepressants; or other conditions that may lead to bradycardia.

2-Physical Examination

  • Heart rate

The doctor listens to the heartbeat of the patient with a stethoscope and counts the beats.

  • Blood pressure measurement

This is because it allows estimates of the general state of both the heart and blood vessels.

3- Electrocardiogram (ECG)

The most valuable tool in the diagnosis of bradycardia is an ECG. An ECG records the electrical impulses of the heart and shows whether the heart rate is slow, and if the heart’s rhythm is abnormal. If the bradycardia is not constant, an ECG may not be showing a decreased heart rate at that time.

4- Holter Monitor

24-48-hour heart rate recording: If the physician is unable to detect bradycardia on an electrocardiogram, then he may order a Holter monitor. A Holter monitor is a small device attached to the individual, which records the heartbeat of a person in a continuous period, generally for 24 to 48 hours. This mechanism assists in finding irregular heartbeat rhythm that may be intermittent.

5- Stress Test or Exercise Test

This is a test for observing the response of the heart to physical activity. The patient exercises on the treadmill or stationary bike in which the ECG is taken during exercise. If the heart rate does not adequately increase with exercise, it may be indicative of bradycardia.

6- Event Monitoring

If it does not happen frequently, the doctor may order an event monitor. A monitor is a smaller device; the patient is usually to wear for several weeks while the patient activates the device to record heart information once experiencing symptoms of bradycardia.

7- Tilt Table Test

This is done in cases of patients who present vertigo or fainting, and the doctor suspects a problem in heart rhythm. The patient is placed on a special table that gradually changes position from horizontal to vertical; the heart’s response and blood pressure are monitored.

8- Echocardiography

This test uses sound waves to give pictures of the heart structure and how the heart is working. This examination helps the doctor check for structural problems in the heart-including valve or heart muscle failure-that could be causing bradycardia.

Accurate diagnosis of bradycardia is not only important to find the underlying cause of this heart condition but also for the institution of proper therapy. Bradycardia, if accompanied by symptoms such as dizziness, weakness, and even fainting, it requires immediate medical attention.

How can one Prevent Bradycardia?

Prevention of Bradycardia depends upon the following:

  • Healthy Heart

One is able to keep his heart healthy through regular workouts, healthy diet, and not smoking.

  • Underlying Diseases

Control of blood pressure, diabetes, and other metabolic diseases decreases the risk for bradycardia.

  • Medications

Patients receiving any drugs known to impact heart rate should be routinely followed up by a doctor.

Final Thoughts

Ultimately, a low heart rate-or brady­cardia-can look very different from one person to another. While for athletes or people who keep themselves in good shape, it would be normal if heart rate were below 60 beats per minute as the sign of a healthy heart, low heart rate for the most of people, especially with such manifestations as dizziness, weakness, shortness of breath, or even falling could stand for very serious problems of the heart functioning. In such cases, a heartbeat less than 40-50 beats per minute is also considered a dangerous condition and calls for immediate investigation and treatment. The diagnosis of its cause and the selection of treatment would require appropriate diagnostic tests and follow up for avoiding the complications to keep the heart of a patient healthy.

References

Bradycardia

Bradycardia: Symptoms & causes

Evaluating and managing bradycardia